Name
No License, No Problem: Exploring the Experiences of Uncertified Music Teachers
Date & Time
Tuesday, July 28, 2026, 2:50 PM - 3:20 PM
Description
A qualitative study was conducted in 2025 to examine the experiences of music teachers employed in a K-12 setting who had not undergone formal teacher education. In the United States (as well as in many other countries), music teachers are generally expected to complete licensure and teacher preparation before entering the classroom, yet many teach with emergency certification or through alternative pathways. This interview study provides rich descriptions of participants’ lived experiences along with an interpretive synthesis of all of their stories.
The respondents were sourced by taking recommendations from notable music educators on several continents. The resulting sample included seven participants (ages 42-73) teaching in the United States, India, South Africa, and Kazakhstan across classroom, ensemble, and private studio settings and a range of student age levels, offering a broad view of how music teachers without formal preparation enter and navigate the profession. Data collection included semi-structured interviews (Kvale, 2008) via Zoom and participant-generated photographs using a modified PhotoVoice framework (Wang & Burris, 1997). The transcripts and images were coded and interpreted following Saldaña’s (2013) methods, resulting in the emergence of key thematic patterns.
Four thematic findings emerged. First, participants described rapidly acquiring pedagogical knowledge on the job, including classroom management, sequencing instruction, and assessment. Second, they identified substantial transfer of skills from prior musical and life experiences, particularly rehearsal leadership, communication, and adaptive problem solving. Third, participants demonstrated a meta-awareness of teaching as connected to personal purpose, often framing the work in terms of mentorship, service, and meaning rather than career advancement. Fourth, they emphasized the depth and nuance of working with children, especially the relational and emotional dimensions of teaching students facing complex life circumstances.
Educators from all musical fields and regions will benefit from hearing the respondents’ stories. For instance, the respondents spoke powerfully about how they were able to transfer musical experiences into pedagogical skill. Their reflections illuminate how musical training, curiosity, and empathy can guide effective teaching even in the absence of formal preparation. The study encourages teacher educators and policymakers to support multiple pathways into the profession while strengthening bridges between performance and pedagogy.
Location Name
512D
Full Address
Palais des Congres - Montréal Convention Centre
1001, Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle
Montreal QC H2Z 1H2
Canada
1001, Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle
Montreal QC H2Z 1H2
Canada
Session Type
Paper Presentation
Presenting Author(s)
Stuart Potter