Name
Heterotopias of Juxtaposition: Music Classrooms as Counter-sites of Contestation and Transformation within ‘Knowledge-rich’ Schools
Date & Time
Monday, July 27, 2026, 10:50 AM - 11:20 AM
Description
Over the past decade, increasing numbers of schools in England have been following the lead of the acclaimed Michaela Community School in north-west London (https://michaela.education), which advocates ‘knowledge-rich’ curricula of canonic cultural understanding (Hirsch, 2016), ‘expertly designed’ direct instruction by authoritative teachers (Engelmann, 2014), and ‘no-excuses’ discipline targeting non-productive behaviour (Lemov, 2021). In this utopian vision, traditional, rigorous education takes place in classrooms where pupils sit quietly in rows and teachers lecture from the front. Yet within such settings, the music classroom is conspicuous: foregrounding sound over silence, autonomy over authority, and creativity over conformity. In this paper, I argue that it is at these juxtapositions—between corridor and classroom, lunch break and lesson bell—that music education offers the potential for social transformation. This transformation is not concerned with the knowledge-rich utopian idealism in which ‘teachers and students do exactly what is needed so that the system can operate perfectly [...] [and] generate the predicted outcomes’ (Biesta, 2020, p. 12)—nor necessarily with the research-informed utopian realism that seeks to bridge cultural differences and forge creative alliances (Jorgensen, 2003; Wright, 2019; Kertz-Welzel, 2022). On the contrary, since music-making can entrench social division and exacerbate competitive enmity (Wiggins, 2011; Bull, 2019; Philpott, 2026), such utopias remain ‘fundamentally unreal spaces’ that ‘present society in a perfected form, or else society turned upside down’ (Foucault, [1967]).I therefore propose that the music classroom might more fruitfully be construed as a Foucauldian ‘heterotopia of juxtaposition’: a ‘counter-site, a kind of effectively enacted utopia in which the real site [...] is simultaneously represented, contested, and inverted’ through the collocation of otherwise incompatible contexts (Foucault, [1967]). I draw upon a two-year, collaborative action ethnography (MacGregor, 2025) of Sycamore Close Academy (pseudonym), a secondary school in southern England styled after the Michaela Community School. Using ethnographic observations and reflections, I analyse the heterotopic juxtapositions between the knowledge-rich school and the music classroom, asking whose knowledge is legitimised, whose voices are heard, and whose behaviour is affirmed. I illustrate how epistemology, democracy, and inclusivity are conceptualised within the school’s ethos and explore the potential of the music classroom to contest epistemic foreclosure, autocratic authority, and hegemonic exclusivity. Finally, I posit that the contestation of such values through the metaphorical ‘non-places’ constructed through music-making (Cross, 2005; Knight, 2017) could foster safe, low-stakes opportunities to create musical meaning, enact social resistance, and challenge utopian idealism in the classroom.
Location Name
510C
Full Address
Palais des Congres - Montréal Convention Centre
1001, Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle
Montreal QC H2Z 1H2
Canada
1001, Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle
Montreal QC H2Z 1H2
Canada
Session Type
Paper Presentation
Presenting Author(s)
Elizabeth MacGregor