The rapid advancement of technologies worldwide is demanding increased efficiency in science and education systems as well. In particular, modern innovative methods and new approaches to music education are becoming increasingly widespread in music teaching processes. Nowadays, some developed countries have been reducing expenses for teaching arts, with some even completely removing music lessons from school curricula. There is a growing tendency to increase weekly hours for natural and exact sciences at the expense of music subjects and a strengthening view of arts subjects as "secondary" disciplines. However, research is showing that music education is highly important in achieving academic success. For example, a 2014 experiment involving hundreds of children from low-income families revealed that musical literacy helps develop language skills. Nina Kraus, a neurobiologist at Northwestern University, elaborated on this connection at the 122nd Conference of American Psychologists: "Research has shown that children raised in poverty experience changes in their brains that affect their ability to acquire knowledge. Although children from well-off families demonstrated higher results compared to students from poor families, music education has an extremely positive effect on the nervous system. It helps to enhance reading abilities and eliminate existing differences.Scientific research and experiments on teaching music in the general secondary education system worldwide, as well as the relevance of music lessons and efforts to improve them, are confirming the significant role of music in mastering exact sciences. It has been observed that studying mathematics in connection with music helps improve learning outcomes. According to Dr. Anna-Maria Oreskovich, founder of the "Math Musical Minds" company, musician, and mathematician, "We can significantly improve educational outcomes by incorporating music into mathematics lessons. We can analyze music through mathematical rules and envision mathematics in the form of music.Undoubtedly, the advancement of science and the increasing integration of technology into our lives have further strengthened the role of art and music in human existence. In the Middle Ages, scholars of the Central Asian region had already emphasized the impact of music on the human psyche and its place in education, expressing their thoughts on this matter long before. As historical sources, manuscripts, and archaeological findings are studied, it becomes evident that Central Asian scholars possessed knowledge in various fields and expressed their free and adequate views on each subject. In this article, we will examine the historical emergence and teaching of music education in the Central Asian region during the Middle Ages, the thoughts and reflections of philosopher-scholars on this subject, and how the period and role of music evolved following the Islamic civilization.In the establishment of music as a scientific discipline, its significant functional characteristic—the ability to shape moral and aesthetic sensibilities in an individual's worldview—was considered the primary factor. This opened the way for its scientific development and laid the foundation for its study through a pedagogical approach.Overall, music education greatly contributes to children's comprehensive development, enhancing their intellectual and emotional capacities.