Abstract: As the core component of the local music education system, the piano curriculum in Chinese teacher training lacks systematic research on its century long development process. This study aims to answer how "teacher education" adapts to the needs of basic education through historical evolution, and provide theoretical support for innovation in the new era. Using literature research, historical periodization, and case study methods, this study examines the development trajectory from 1897 to the present, revealing the historical logic of "teacher education" and its relationship with contemporary innovation. Research has found that the century long evolution is centered around "teacher education" and has gone through five periods: germination (1897-1920), formation period (1920-1949), transition period (1949-1978), reform period (1978-2000), and promotion period (2000 present). Shandong Normal University, as one of the first normal schools in China (formerly known as Shandong Normal School founded in 1902 and one of the earliest normal education institutions in modern China), has pioneered the "Playing, Applying, Expressing, and Creating" four in one higher normal piano course teaching system since 2003. It breaks down curriculum barriers, connects with primary and secondary school music education, integrates Chinese philosophy and aesthetic concepts, and reconstructs teaching syllabi. After 23 years of reform and practice, it has achieved remarkable results: it has won 9 national and provincial innovation awards and scientific research awards, and more than 100 awards from the 20th graduating class; In 2024, the course will be recognized as a first-class course in universities in Shandong Province; In 2025, the course leader will convene professors and pianists from more than ten universities across the country to jointly develop a series of piano textbooks for the Ministry of Education. Research shows that the century long development history of piano education in Chinese normal universities is a process of gradually deepening the "teacher education" from "instrumental skills" to "literacy abilities". The case of Shandong Normal University confirms its historical value and contemporary vitality, providing a dual dimensional reference of "history innovation" for international teacher education reform.